Friday, October 26, 2007

Performing Elgar’s Cello Concerto

Performing Elgar’s Cello Concerto

  When listening to Elgar’s Cello Concerto, one cannot help remembering the most gifted cellist Jacqueline du Pré. The film based on her sister’s memoir is dubbed with a Chinese title which literally means She Is Lonelier Than the Flowers of Smoke. I could not decide to marvel at this translation or reprove it as kitsch. Elgar’s Cello Concerto reminds me of T. S. Eliot’s poems, especially, perhaps, The Waste Land, though I have to admit the idiosyncratic association may appear to be a little farfetched.
  The CD I am listening to is performed by Yo-yo Ma. Ma’s interpretation sounds a little “hovering.” By hovering I mean that he has a kind of pre-knowledge of the “meaning” in the music, and he knows that he could live through the suffering and misery. That is, the player of the musical text has an assured mastery of the meaning behind it, and he is overtly self-assured and confident. Therefore, the skill is given a self-awared attention, and the player is half a step before the emotions in the music.
  For the representation or interpretation of pain, it is a hard issue. For the composer or author, to represent is to re-live, sometimes even more difficult than the actual experience, because when he was in the grip of pain the will to survive might be his driving force to live on. When representing it, he has to turn back and re-submerge into it and re-invest all the tiny moments of pleasure in the world in in-between years. This is deadly consuming. That is why many writers commit suicide after they survived trauma and usually they took their own lives immediately after writing about it.
  Of course, Yo-yo Ma is not experiencing the pain. He is interpreting.

演奏

  听Elgar埃尔加的大提琴协奏曲,突然一个没有想到的朋友登陆MSN,幸喜之下,记之。听这个协奏曲无法不想到Jacqueline du Pré杜普莱。那部电影的名字被中文翻译成《她比烟花寂寞》(不知道该惊艳还是责骂kitsch媚俗)。埃尔加的这个大提琴曲听来很重,从我这个读诗人的角度来听,难免会想到T.S.艾略特。大提琴是不是很男人的乐器,我无法说。记得最早着迷大提琴是在大学三年级,那时候写过一个短诗剧,只有两个演员的角色,也找好了一个学妹排演了;当然,最终没有上演。我在其中用的第一个主要道具就是大提琴,当时写那个诗剧脑子里很有一股浮士德在书斋的味道。一个教文学的老师也是一个诗人,拿去看了,说了一些很鼓励的话;呵呵,现在想起来,也许就是一些礼貌性的话。做诗人的,而且还是老师,大概总应该对学生有点屈尊鼓励才是应该的。
  我听的这个版本的演奏者是马友友,多少有点温暖了一些,或者有点抽离了吧。我觉得埃尔加应该比这个演奏更为沉重一点。马友友的演奏中带一点洋洋之气,也就是有点“这一切我能对付”的那种自觉,不是沉入、经过,而是心中有数:这一切苦痛虽然严重,然而我觉得似乎可以经受。这种自信最终使得演奏的感情或者演奏感比音乐所要传达的感情先走了一步这种自信最终使得演奏的感情或者演奏感比音乐所要传达的感情先走了一步,有一点飘(就像大部分很有技术/艺术自觉的诗歌阐释者阐释诗歌一样,当然并不能说是不好,而是说这样的阐释往往在给普通读者以技术指引的同时,使得读者不敢仅仅沉醉于那首诗的强烈感情)。
  而我觉得对于痛苦不应该是这样的,否则就不会真正懂得什么叫痛苦了。痛苦的再现和阐释,这是一个很难的论题。对于一个作者而言,再现就是重新经历,有时可能比实际经历的时候更加难以忍受。这是因为当他被痛苦钳制的时候,生存意志可以成为他活下去的驱动力,也就是对将来还能抱有希望。在再现的时候,他必须回过头来,重新沉浸到痛苦中,并且将日后的每一点小小的快乐时刻都重新投出其中。这种耗损是致命的。这也就是为什么很多作家在幸存多年,却在写出了痛苦之后,很快就自杀了。
  记得前几天读黑塞Herman Hesse的诗,有一首叫做Without You《没有你》,表面上似乎是情诗,但是这个“你”更是死亡。该诗的第一节和最后一节几乎是重复的(有点像艺术歌曲):
   I never thought it would be so bitter
   To be alone,
   Not to lie down asleep in you hair.
     我从未想到过独自一人
     未能躺在你的长发间睡去
     竟会如此之苦
从这里的“我从未想到过”过渡到最后,成为:
   I never knew it would be so bitter
   To be alone
   Alone, without you.
     我从未体识过独自一人
     独自一人没有你
     竟会如此之苦
从想到到体识,这才是关键。这是说,不是我不知道或者没想到过其苦,而是说,没想到如此之苦。而这么苦的时候,就是在经历的时候说才行。否则就好像走在一个淤泥沟边上,深深体会着那个跋涉在淤泥中的人,感到自己似乎也陷入其中;然而,真正的识知,不是与那个人共鸣,而是自己一边走在淤泥沟中,一边说:没想到竟是这么艰难。这里的区别也就在于人们所说的:那个人领会吃透了那音乐,那个人就是音乐。
  马友友的演奏是很高超的,高而且超。然而,有时候人们应该听的不是演奏中的技术性高超和阐释,而是融入生命激情,也就是纯粹的私人版本。写诗读诗或许也应该是这样吧。

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